Norovirus is infectious gastric disease that is cause of norovirus.  Outbreak of norovirus is occurred in winter.  The onset of the norovirus is seen in all age unlike rotavirus and an adenovirus appearing most commonly on infants.  Infants and elderly people become serious condition when they are infected by norovirus.  It takes from 1 to 3 days to show symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain.  In most case, it takes a day or 2 to improve condition, but people may have dehydration because of vomiting and diarrhea.  In that case, they should drink enough fluid and early consultation.

There are three ways to infect norovirus.  First, norovirus spread from person to person.  In this case, people infected by the virus when they touch anything such as a door knob that is touched by the people who are infected norovirus and through the air.  Second is people are infected through food that people who have norovirus touched or cooked.  Third, people are infected by norovirus directly from food such as shells.  When they eat shells without cook, the risk of norovirus is high.

For protecting from norovirus through food, it is very important to wash hands carefully.  They need to wash their hand especially after using bathroom, before cooking, and before eating.  When they dry their hands, it is better to use paper towels instead of using towel that is shared with other people.  If you need to take care person who has norovirus, you need to wear mask, glove, and apron.  If you need to clean up vomiting that is thrown up by the person who are infected norovirus, you need to wear glove and wipe out vomitus while ventilating the room and sterilize it with sodium hypochlorite (home bleach) afterwards.

If people need to clean up feces and vomitus, they need to wear glove and mask, then they put these inside a bag that contain sodium hypochlorite.  For infected clothes, people wash these after sterilizing by sodium hypochlorite.

For treatment of norovirus, there are no drugs to control it, so people have coping therapy with a medicine for intestinal disorders and the painkiller.

 参考文献

東京都多摩小平保健所

http://www.fukushihoken.metro.tokyo.jp/tamakodaira/kansen/noro.html

厚生労働省

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-11130500-Shokuhinanzenbu/0000187293.pdf

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/shokuhin/syokuchu/kanren/

yobou/040204-1.html

http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-11130500-Shokuhinanzenbu/0000182906.pdf

国立感染症研究所

https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/ja/kansennohanashi/452-norovirus-intro.html

国立感染症研究所感染症情報センター

http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/norovirus/taio-a.html